Glossary

The underlying biological mechanisms of a disease.

An abbreviation for the name of a gene that encodes a particular protein found in mitochondria that is thought to protect cells from stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Lack of PINK-1 causes an overload of calcium in mitochondria and indirectly cell death.

A simulated or inert form of treatment without known proven benefit on a symptom or a disease. Placebos are employed in controlled clinical trials along with the active drug being tested; patients and health professionals involved in the trial do not know who receives the placebo or the drug. The difference in responses between the two drugs is considered the true effect of the active drug.

Referring to the period before the classic manifestation of a disease leading to diagnosis.